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1.
Index enferm ; 32(2)abr.-jun. 2023. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-227580

RESUMO

Objetivo principal: Interpretar el significado que se le asigna a las estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el área de salud destinada a personas mayores. Método: Estudio cualitativo de carácter exploratorio. Participaron personas mayores de 60 años y profesionales del área gerontológica con experiencia en la planificación y ejecución de educación en salud. La información fue recolectada a través de entrevista semiestructurada, y los datos fueron analizados a través de análisis de contenido. Resultados principales: Las personas mayores reconocen el realizar talleres y la educación individual como las mejores estrategias para recibir educación. Al triangular la información, los profesionales gerontológicos coinciden con la apreciación positiva de los talleres, pero acompañados de un adecuado diagnóstico participativo y desde la experiencia del participante. Conclusión principal: Los talleres se reconocen como la mejor estrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje para personas mayores. Esta debe aplicarse considerando un diagnóstico participativo, con la experiencia de la persona mayor y ser mantenido en el tiempo. (AU)


Objective: To interpret the meaning assigned to the teaching-learning strategies in the area of healthcare for the elderly. Methods: Qualitative exploratory study. People over 60 years of age and professionals from the gerontology area with experience in planning and executing health education participated. The information was collected through a semi-structured interview, and the data was analyzed through content analysis. Results: People over 60 years of age and professionals from the gerontology area with experience in healthcare education activities. Information was collected through a semi-structured interview, and the data was analyzed through content analysis. When triangulating the information, the gerontological professionals agree with the positive appreciation of the workshops but accompanied by an adequate participatory diagnosis and from the experience of the participant. Conclusions: The workshops are recognized as the best teaching-learning strategy for the elderly. This must be applied considering a participatory diagnosis, with the experience of the older person and be maintained over time. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Geriatria/educação , Ensino , Educação em Saúde , Entrevistas como Assunto , Chile , Envelhecimento
2.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 37(1,supl.1): 148-153, mayo 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1248593

RESUMO

RESUMEN La malaria sigue siendo un problema de salud pública que afecta especialmente a las regiones tropicales y los países en vía de desarrollo, y Latinoamérica es una región endémica para la enfermedad. A pesar de que se ha demostrado una disminución de los casos de malaria en general, los casos de malaria complicada se mantienen estables. Entre las complicaciones graves de esta infección parasitaria está la malaria cerebral, que si bien se considera infrecuente, está asociada con una mortalidad de hasta el 20 %, especialmente en niños, y además produce altas tasas de discapacidad: alrededor del 11 % de los niños y el 25 % de los adultos que la padecen. De ahí la relevancia de conocerla y hacer la detección temprana de esta complicación. En este escrito se presenta la definición de malaria cerebral y su mecanismos fisiopatológicos, desde la obstrucción microvascular, la tormenta de citoquinas, hasta la alteración endotelial. Se llama la atención sobre el cuadro de signos y síntomas, la importancia de mantener esta sospecha clínica y la necesidad de considerar los principales diagnósticos diferenciales; se menciona la utilidad de cada una de las ayudas diagnósticas y la limitación por su poca disponibilidad en muchas áreas geográficas. Se deja el mensaje a todo el equipo de salud de estar atentos a detectar oportunamente las complicaciones sistémicas. Se presentan las bases del tratamiento actual y hacia dónde va la investigación en vacunas. Esta revisión es también una invitación a reflexionar sobre el enfoque de esta patología y la necesaria inclusión de otros factores que considerar, como las condiciones culturales, socioeconómicas y de educación que inciden en el comportamiento de la enfermedad en las comunidades afectadas.


SUMMARY Malaria continues to be a public health problem that particularly affects the tropical regions and developing countries, whereas Latin America is an endemic region for the disease. Despite the fact that a decrease in malaria cases has been shown, in general, cases of complicated malaria remain stable and within the severe complications of this parasitic infection is cerebral malaria, which, although considered uncommon, is associated with a mortality of up to 20 %, especially in children and also produces high disability rates: about 11 % of children and 25 % of adults who suffer from it. Of hence the relevance of knowing it and making early detection of this complication. We present the definition of cerebral malaria, the pathophysiological mechanisms from the microvascular obstruction, cytokine storm to endothelial alteration. We call the attention to the picture of signs and symptoms, the importance of maintaining this clinical suspicion and the need to consider the main differential diagnoses; we mention the usefulness of each of the diagnostic aids and the limitation due to the limited availability of them in many geographic areas. We leave a message for the entire health team to be attentive to detect timely systemic complications. The bases of the current treatment and where is vaccine research going. This review is also an invitation to reflect on the approach to this pathology and the necessary inclusion of other factors to consider such as cultural conditions, socioeconomic and educational conditions that affect the behavior of the disease in affected communities.


Assuntos
Mobilidade Urbana
3.
Maturitas ; 111: 15-19, 2018 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29673828

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) is one of the most frequently used instruments to evaluate menopausal symptoms; however, no cut-off score is given that would indicate the need for treatment. Our goal was to determine such a cut-off score on the MRS, using as a standard a woman's own perception of her need for treatment in relation to the severity of her symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample comprised 427 healthy women aged 40-59 years who were not taking hormonal treatment. Based on the concept of quality of life, we considered that the patient required treatment if she herself believed that she required it, on the basis of the severity of at least one of her menopausal symptoms. To obtain an optimal MRS cut-off score associated with the need for treatment, an ROC curve analysis was performed. RESULTS: The symptoms rated "very severe" on the MRS (i.e. that most require treatment) were physical and mental exhaustion (95.8% of women) and muscle and joint discomfort (95.1%). In total, 378 women (88.5%) considered that their symptoms required treatment. The ROC curve analysis determined that the optimal cut-off score on the MRS to indicate the need for treatment would be 14 (area under the curve 0.86, p < 0.0001). This score achieved 76.5% sensitivity and 83.6% specificity. With this cut-off score, 97.1% of the women who considered that they required treatment for at least one of their symptoms would be treated. There was concordance of more than 90% between this cut-off score and a score of 4 (i.e. a rating of "very severe") for any of the symptoms on the scale. CONCLUSIONS: An MRS score ≥14 indicates the need for treatment for climacteric symptoms. In clinical practice, a score of 4 for any of the MRS items could be taken to indicate the need for treatment.


Assuntos
Tomada de Decisões , Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios , Menopausa/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Avaliação de Sintomas , Adulto , Área Sob a Curva , Estudos Transversais , Autoavaliação Diagnóstica , Feminino , Humanos , Fadiga Mental/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dor Musculoesquelética/etiologia , Curva ROC
4.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1508887

RESUMO

La menopausia ha sido definida por la Sociedad Internacional de Menopausia como el cese permanente de la menstruación en la mujer, suceso determinado por la disminución de la producción hormonal. Trae consigo, por una parte, una sintomatología que interfiere en la calidad de vida de la mujer, la cual incluye síntomas vasomotores, psíquicos, atrofia urogenital; y, por otra, cambios metabólicos que implican aumento del riesgo de enfermedades crónicas como las enfermedades cardiovasculares y la osteoporosis. Con el progresivo aumento de la esperanza de vida, los grupos de mayor edad comienzan a ser parte importante de la población mundial. Por lo tanto, el manejo clínico de la posmenopausia pasa a ser un problema relevante de salud pública. Tiene como objetivo mejorar la calidad de vida y disminuir el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas. Para medir la existencia de síntomas y signos asociados a la menopausia se puede utilizar la Menopause Rating Scale (MRS), escala que permite evaluar la intensidad de la sintomatología. Se debe valorar además el riesgo cardiovascular y de osteoporosis. El tratamiento incluye mejorar los estilos de vida, el uso de terapia hormonal y de terapias para las comorbilidades. Estas orientaciones tienen como objetivo ser una ayuda para el médico al momento de evaluar a una mujer en este periodo de la vida. Se han basado principalmente en las 'Orientaciones Técnicas para la atención integral de la mujer en edad de climaterio en el nivel primario de red de salud' del Programa de Salud de la Mujer, Ministerio de Salud, Chile. Sin embargo, son solo orientaciones; cada decisión terapéutica debe ser siempre individualizada acorde a las características particulares de cada paciente.


Menopause has been defined by the International Menopause Society as the permanent cessation of menstruation in women, an event determined by the decrease in hormonal production. On one hand, the associated symptomatology interferes with the quality of life of the woman, and includes vasomotor and psychic symptoms and urogenital atrophy; on the other hand, metabolic changes that imply an increase in the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. With the progressive increase in life expectancy, the older groups begin to be an important part of the world population. Therefore, the clinical management of the postmenopause becomes a relevant public health problem. Its objective is to improve the quality of life and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) is a scale to assess the existence and intensity of symptoms. Cardiovascular risk and osteoporosis should also be assessed. Treatment includes improving lifestyle, the use of hormonal therapy and therapies for comorbidities. These guidelines are intended to be an aid to the physician when evaluating a woman in this period of life. They have been based mainly on the "Technical Guidelines for the comprehensive care of women of climacteric age at the primary level of the health network" of the Women's Health Program, Ministry of Health, Chile. However, they are only orientations. Every therapeutic decision should be individualized according to the particular characteristics of each patient.

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